Constructivist and Liberalist Argument on State Shared Value

Constructivist and Liberalist argumentation on State Sh atomic number 18d ValueAccording to realism, relations surrounded by states in the anarchical existence is designate to the state of constant conflict in which states can only count on themselves. Whatever cooperation exists in the world they prescribe it to the hegemonic secernate. This means that hegemon, creates institutions which facilitate cooperation notwithstanding that these institutions are carriers of hegemonic interests and their existence is related to the existence of a hegemon.Representatives of liberal school deny the abovementioned argument and point at contemporary networks of cooperation in many palm which they see as a positive current in the world politic. Realists and liberals agree that the status of international system is insurrection and sovereign states make up the international order. As black lovage Wendt stated in 1992 in his article1 neorealists and neoliberals share generally similar assum ptions about agents states are the dominant actors in the system and they mold security in self-interested terms2. As for the Liberals, they underline the importance of international institutions and cooperation between states thus placing a principle of the share values in the center of state-behavior.Constructivist ArgumentAccording to Alexander Wendt, c at one timept of power politics is socially constructed If self-help is not a constitutive feature of anarchy, it must emerge casually from processes in which anarchy plays only a permissive role. This reflects a second principle of constructivism that the meanings in terms of which action is organized arise out of interaction3 Wendt views self-help as something not effrontery by nature but instead, socially constructed. Having in mind the fact that power politics is socially constructed means that it can be transformed by human practice. Furthermore, constructivists look at international arena as a constructed structure which is built by socio-cultural practices, ideas, domestic and international interactions. According to Wendt, the basic tenets of constructivism are the structures of human association that are determined primarily by shared ideas rather than material forces, and that the identities and interests of purposive actors are constructed by these shared ideas rather than wedded by nature4.According to the theory of constructivism the effect of anarchy on the state is proportionate to the states perception of anarchy, identity and interest. If in the state of Anarchy state A perceives the rise of power of state B as threat to its security, then a security dilemma is created and states apply to the self-help principle. But, if state A and state B view their security in the form of cooperation and collaboration, then a security dilemma is not formed, thus not establishing logical grounds for self-help principle to develop. Alexander Wendt in his article anarchy is what state make of it The soci al construction of power politics states that the nature of international anarchy appears to be conflictual if states show a conflictual behaviour towards each other, and cooperative if they be fork out cooperatively towards one another. Therefore, it is states themselves that determine anarchys nature.5Liberal argumentRepresentatives of liberal theory agree with realists on a printing that international system is anarchical. But unlike realist, liberalism mitigates the risks coming from the nature of anarchy with cooperation and collaboration between states.6.While liberalism agrees on an anarchical condition of international politics, it provides common chord main mechanisms that can explain a state behavior in order to avoid the risks coming from the anarchy consolidation of democracy, economic mutuality, and transtational institutions.7 In order to mitigate the threats and risks coming from the anarchy representatives of the liberal theory believe that states should become mo re interdependent with each other. Shared democratic values and economical interdependence significantly reduces the risk of military confrontation between states. Free trade relations between states, which result in a close economic ties between its citizens, excludes the chance of military confrontation with each other. According to Michael W. Doyle Wars occur outside the liberal zone because conflicts of interest are deeper there.8Liberalism also allows a probability of the world peace despite the anarchical feature of international politics. If the state behavior is prone to establishment of international organizations and institutions then this behavior may lead to the coherent term cooperation between the member nations which share the same values. According to the liberalism military conflicts are not inevitable but can be prevented through collaboration. The ontogenesis of an international organization such as United of Nation, NATO and European Union are the examples of co operation between states that could promote stability.A central claim of this theory is that once created, institutions tend to persist, because it is cheaper to maintain institutions than to create new ones. Therefore, when confronted with new sets of problems, states seek to modify an already existing institution to meet new challenges. Thus, institutional liberal theories have easier time explaining why NATO persisted after the end of the Cold War even when the enemy that it was supposed to counter disappeared.Liberalism underlines the significace of the shared values between states. The principle of shared values can explain state behavior as they create alliances and develop joint capabilities, rather than focusing only on the development of their own.